Modeling Space in the Air Force Command Exercise System (ACES)

In response to the increased influence of space forces on today\u27s battlefield, several theater level models were analyzed for the presentation of space forces. These models were the Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM), the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS), the Integrated Theater Engagement Model (ITEM), the Tactical Warfare Model (TACWAR), Thunder, Janus, and the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol (ALSP). While ALSP is not a model but a simulation protocol connecting various models, it was studied because it appears to be the future of modeling. The consensus of the analysis was that space forces are virtually ignored by most of the models and when space was considered, the dynamic nature of the systems involved were not captured. The Air Force Cornmand Exercise System (ACES) was chosen to determine how the effects of space forces can be implemented into theater level models. ACES is a discrete event combat simulation designed to support intermediate and senior service schools in teaching Air Force doctrine within the context of a theater warfare exercise. Its primary focus is to allow specific educational goals to be taught. This research focused on both the present modeling of space forces within widely used theater level models and a methodology to incorporate space forces into models that lack the influence of space. The Gulf War exposed how important functions performed from space can be to the success of a combat forces. Because of the practicality of space\u27s influence, a picture of today\u27s battlefield that does not include space forces is incomplete

Upper atmosphere research: Reaction rate and optical measurements

The objective is to provide photochemical, kinetic, and spectroscopic information necessary for photochemical models of the Earth's upper atmosphere and to examine reactions or reactants not presently in the models to either confirm the correctness of their exclusion or provide evidence to justify future inclusion in the models. New initiatives are being taken in technique development (many of them laser based) and in the application of established techniques to address gaps in the photochemical/kinetic data base, as well as to provide increasingly reliable information

The Physician-Patient Privilege in Virginia

It seems settled that at common law there was no privilege whereby either a patient or a physician could suppress evidence of communications made by one to the other. Most commentators have argued that there is no justification for such a privilege

The Law Whose Life Is Not Logic: Evidence of Other Crimes in Criminal Cases

It is not the intention of the author to concentrate on generalizations in this article, but an introductory comment of a general character on this topic seems unavoidable. Assume that D is on trial for the rape of his fourteen-year-old daughter. He elects not to take the witness stand, claiming this right under the Fifth Amendment. (a) Could W, an older daughter, testify that D raped her several times when she was fourteen years old? (b) Could the prosecutor introduce evidence of a conviction of D for raping W when she was fourteen years old-i.e., would the foregoing offer of proof be admissible for any purpose? Obviously, more facts may be needed depending upon the circumstances of a particular case, but these will be added; meanwhile, the basic problem situation is posed

Ethical Problems of Government Lawyers

Most discussions of the ethical problems confronting an attorney for the government refer primarily to the more obvious situations involving a potential conflict of interest, such as the offer of some substantial benefit from a private party having business with the government and seeking the aid or good will of the attorney. To be sure, these problems exist and should not be minimized. There are, however, problems with subtler over- tones (although they may involve substantially the same interests) which present ethical difficulties and which cannot be resolved neatly by reference to existing canons of ethics. Although it is not suggested that the government lawyer is in the position of a monopolizer as to the difficulties, real or imagined, discussed herein, he may be peculiarly vulnerable to some of them. He owes an obvious duty to serve the public interest; he often performs or fails to perform in public fashion; the nature of his responsibilities makes his performance a matter of public and political concern, and, certainly, concern on the part of economic interests affected thereby

An investigation of the types of speech programs in California high schools

Psychologists and leaders in the field of education have pointed out time and again that high school curriculums should be designed not only to teach a group of subjects, but also to meet the needs of a large group of individuals - the students. The boy or girl who spends four years in classes of mathematics, history, English, science, and a lot of other subjects does so not in order to parrot back to a teacher a long list of learned facts, but in order that he may prepare himself to take his place in a society as well adjusted and useful citizen in his chosen community. If this premise is true, then it would appear that one of the basic needs of the high school student is effective oral communication. As a consequence, one of the basic curriculum subjects would be a course in fundamentals of speech. This thesis is an attempt to find out if that need is being met by the high schools in the State of California. Briefly stated the thesis problem is: “Are the individual student’s speech needs being met by the California high school curriculums?

Corroboration of Confessions in a Criminal Case in Virginia

The purpose of this brief note is to examine the Virginia rules relating to the requirement of corroboration of an extrajudicial, confession as a basis for conviction of a criminal offense. The rules discussed herein do not, of course, apply to a plea of guilty in open court, and it might be noted too that the title selected by the author may be misleading in that, as a general rule, the rules discussed do apply to incriminating admissions of fact (except those occurring before the alleged criminal act) as well as full confessions. A confession is the admission of guilt by the defendant of all the necessary elements of the crime of which he is charged, including the necessary acts and intent. An admission merely admits some fact which connects or tends to connect the defendant with the offense but not with all the elements of the crime. It has also been held that where the admission is relevant merely by virtue of its utterance, without regard to its veracity, the corroboration requirement does not apply